İngilizce olarak bu kaynaklar yeterli olsa gerek :
^ Jump up to: a b Ash'ariyya and Mu'tazila| muslimphilosophy.com | NEAL ROBINSON | 1998
2.Jump up ^ Abdullah Saeed. The Qur'an: an introduction. 2008, page 203
3.Jump up ^ Kadri, Sadakat (2012). Heaven on Earth: A Journey Through Shari'a Law from the Deserts of Ancient Arabia ... macmillan. p. 77. ISBN 9780099523277.
4.Jump up ^ Fakhry, Majid (1983). A History of Islamic Philosophy (second ed.). New York: Columbia University Press. p. 46. "Almost all authorities agree that the speculation of the Mu'talities centered around the two crucial concepts of divine justice and unity, of which they claimed to be the exclusive, genuine exponents."
5.^ Jump up to: a b Fakhry, Majid (1983). A History of Islamic Philosophy (second ed.). New York: Columbia University Press. p. 47. "The early Muslim theologians had naturally been unanimous in denying that God could be unjust, but the problem of reconciling the justice of God and the glaring reality of evil in the world does not appear to have disturbed them particularly. And it was precisely this problem that became, from Wasil's time on the crucial issue with which the Mu'tazilah and their adversaries grappled. ... [According to the Mu'tazila,] good and evil are not conventional or arbitrary concepts whose validity is rooted in the dictates of God, as the Traditionists and later the Ash'arites held, but are rational categories which can be established through unaided reason"
6.Jump up ^ Al-Shahrastani, al-Milal, pp.31 f
7.Jump up ^ Al-Baghdadi, Usul al Din, pp.150f
8.Jump up ^ Al-Baghdadi, A.Q.,Usul al Din, Istanbul, 1928, pp.26f
9.Jump up ^ Al-Shahrastani, M.,al-Milal wa'l-Nihal, London, 1892, p.31
10.Jump up ^ al-Ash'ari, Maqalat, p.356
11.^ Jump up to: a b Oussama Arabi. Studies in modern Islamic law and jurisprudence. page 27-8
12.Jump up ^ The North African "Institute for the Faith Brigades" denounced Bin Ladin's "misguided errors" and accused Abu Hafs al Mawritani, a leading figure in Al-Qaeda's juridicial committee, of being a Mu'tazilite. B. Liam 'Strategist and doctrinarian jihadis' in: Fault Lines in Global Jihad: Organizational, Strategic, and Ideological Fissures, ed. Assaf Moghadam, Brian Fishman, Publisher Taylor & Francis, 2011, page 81, ISBN 1136710582, 9781136710582
13.Jump up ^ e.g. in Quran 18:16, 19:48 and 4:90). According to Sarah Siroumsa, "The verb i'tazala means "to withdraw", and in its most common use, as given in the dictionaries and attested in Hadith literature, it denotes some sort of abstinence from sexual activity, from worldly pleasures, or, more generally, from sin. Ibn Manzur, Lisan al-'Arab, s.v oy.':/ : wensirck, Concordance a indices de la tradition musulmatle, vol Iv, p. 11)7. 'Amr taught his followers to be "the party which abstains" (i.e., from evil: al-firqa al-mu'tazila), asceticism was their most striking characteristic. They were given the name "Mu'tazila" in reference to their pious asceticism, and they were content with this name,"
http://pluto.huji.ac.il/~stroums/files/M...idered.pdf [clarification needed]
14.^ Jump up to: a b Dhanani, Alnoor (1994). The physical theory of Kalām : atoms, space, and void in Basrian Muʻtazilī cosmology. Leiden: Brill. p. 7. ISBN 978-9004098312.
15.Jump up ^ Martin 1997, p. ?.
16.Jump up ^ Mutazilah at the Encyclopædia Britannica Online. Accessed 13 March 2014. Some of the Companions of Muhammad such as Sa`d ibn Abi Waqqas and Abdullah ibn Umar were neutral in the dispute between ʿAlī and his opponents (Muawiyah I). Encyclopaedia of Islam s.v. "Mu'tazila", Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, The Netherlands (1999): "It is an explanation of this kind which today, in particular as a result of the studies undertaken by Nallino ("Sull'origine del nome dei Mu'taziliti", in RSO, vii [1916]), is generally accepted: i'tizal would designate a position of neutrality in the face of opposing factions. Nallino drew support for this argument from the fact that at the time of the first civil war, some of the Companions ('Abd Allah b. 'Umar, Sa'd b. Abi Waqqas, etc.), who had chosen to side neither with 'Ali nor with his adversaries, were for this reason called mu'tazila. He even drew the conclusion that the theological Mu'tazilism of Wasil and his successors was merely a continuation of this initial political Mu'tazilism; in reality, there does not seem to have been the least connection between one and the other. But, in its principle, this explanation is probably valid."
17.Jump up ^ Walzer 1967.
18.^ Jump up to: a b Craig 2000.
19.^ Jump up to: a b Martin 1997.
20.Jump up ^ Nawas 1994.
21.Jump up ^ Nawas 1996.
22.Jump up ^ Cooperson 2005.
23.^ Jump up to: a b Ess 2006.
24.Jump up ^ Siddiqi, Muhammad (1993). Hadith Literature. Oxford: The Islamic Texts Society. p. 47. ISBN 0-946621-38-1.
25.^ Jump up to: a b Fakhry, Majid (1983). A History of Islamic Philosophy (second ed.). New York: Columbia University Press. p. 46. "Thus according to a leading Mu'talite authority of the end of the ninth century, five basic tenets make up the strict Mu'tazilite creed: justice and unity, the inevitability of God's threats and promises, the intermediary position, the injunction of right and the prohibition of wrong."
26.^ Jump up to: a b c d e Al-Khayyat, A.H., Kitab al-Intisar, Beirut, 1957, p.93
27.Jump up ^ Jackson 2005.
28.Jump up ^ Martin 1997, p. 92.
29.Jump up ^ Martin 1997, p. 58.
30.Jump up ^ Martin 1997, p. 93.
31.Jump up ^ Martin 1997, p. 65-6.
32.Jump up ^ Martin 1997, p. 82, 106.
33.Jump up ^ Gimaret 1979.
34.Jump up ^ Martin 1997, p. 90.
35.Jump up ^ Kadri, Sadakat (2012). Heaven on Earth: A Journey Through Shari'a Law from the Deserts of Ancient Arabia ... macmillan. pp. 118–9. ISBN 9780099523277.
36.Jump up ^ For al-Ghazali's argument see The Incoherence of the Philosophers. Translated by Michael E. Marmura. 2nd ed, Provo Utah, 2000, pp.116-7.
37.Jump up ^ For Ibn Rushd's response, see Khalid, Muhammad A. ed. Medieval Islamic Philosophical Writings, Cambridge UK, 2005, p.162)
38.Jump up ^ Martin 1997, p. 187.
39.Jump up ^ Martin 1997, p. 96.
40.Jump up ^ martin 1997, p. 15.